Temporal analysis of bilateral index in bench press with different loads in male handball players

Authors

  • Andrés González-Ramírez Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República. Paysandú, Uruguay
  • Torres Carol Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
  • Fábrica Barrios Carlos Gabriel Unidad Académica de Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.20.225

Keywords:

Bilateral deficit, Bilateral facilitation, Upper limbs, Time series

Abstract

Objective: To describe the bilateral index (BI) during the push phase of the bench press exercise to analyze bilateral facilitation and deficit across different loads using time series analysis. Method: Eighteen handball players (22.1 ± 3.8 years; 84.5 ± 15.9 kg; 179.3 ± 7.6 cm and BMI 26.2 ± 4.1) performed bench press exercises using functional electromechanical dynamometry. The exercises were conducted bilaterally and unilaterally, with both skilled and unskilled upper limbs, using loads set at 40%, 60%, and 75% of maximum isometric contraction. Time series analysis was utilized to calculate the BI, with trend assessment conducted through graphical and descriptive analysis. Dynamic time warping was used to recognize patterns and group those with similar characteristics. Results: There are periods of facilitation and deficit that vary in duration and magnitude with the different loads studied. Conclusions: Considering the time series of force over time during the bench press push leads to a different interpretation of BI than that obtained with Fmax. The grouping of the series suggests the existence of a predominant pattern independent of the load with which the exercise is performed, where BLF occurs in the final stage of the exercise.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Torres Carol, Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. Unidad Académica de Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo.

References

Aguado, X., Grande, I., & López, J. L. (1999). Consideraciones sobre conceptos y clasificación de la fuerza muscular desde un punto de vista mecánico. En A. Ferro (Comp.), Biomecánica de la Fuerza muscular y su valoración: Análisis cinético de la marcha, natación, gimnasia rítmica, bádminton y ejercicios de musculación (Consejo Superior de Deportes, pp. 7-26).

Barnett, C., Kippers, V., & Turner, P. (1995). Effects of Variations of the Bench Press Exercise on the EMG Activity of Five Shoulder Muscles. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 9(4), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199511000-00003

Box, G.E.P., Jenkins, G.M., Reinsel, G.C., & Ljung, G.M. (2015). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (5th ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Castillo, F., Valverde, T., Morales, A., Pérez-Guerra, A., de León, F., & García Manso, J. M. (2012). Maximum power, optimal load, and optimal power spectrum for power training in upper-body (bench press): A review. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 5(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1888-7546(12)70005-9

Cerda Vega, E., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Machado Payer, R., Campos Jara, C., Guzman-Guzman, I., Reyes Ponce, A., ... et al. (2018). Validity and reliability of evaluating hip abductor strength using different normalization methods in a functional electromechanical device. PLoS ONE, 13, e0202248. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202248

Chamorro, C., Armijo-Olivo, S., De la Fuente, C., Fuentes, J., & Chirosa, L. J. (2017). Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand-held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee, and ankle joint: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Medicine, 12, 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2017-0052

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cowpertwait, P. S. P., & Metcalfe, A. V. (2009). Introductory Time Series with R. Springer.

Dempster, W. T. (1955). The anthropometry of body action. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 63(4), 559–585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb32112.x

Elliott, B.C., Wilson, G.J., & Kerr, G.K. (1989). A biomechanical analysis of the sticking region in the bench press. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 21(4), 450-462. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198908000-00018

García-Ramos, A., Jaric, S., Padial, P., & Feriche, B. (2016). Force-velocity relationship of upper body muscles: Traditional versus ballistic bench press. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 32, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0162

Giorgino, T. (2009). Computing and Visualizing Dynamic Time Warping Alignments in R: The DTW Package. Journal of Statistical Software, 31(7). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v031.i07

Giorgino T, Tormene P (2009). dtw: Dynamic Time Warping Algorithms. R package version 1.13-1, URL http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dtw.

González-Ramírez, A., Torres, C., Magallanes, C., & Fábrica, C. G. (2023). Bilateral index, power, force, and velocity during bench press with different loads in male handball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1130914. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1130914

Henry, F. M., & Smith, L. E. (1961). Simultaneous vs. Separate bilateral muscular contractions in relation to neural overflow theory and neuromotor specificity. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 32(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1961.10762069

Howard, J. D., & Enoka, R. M. (1991). Maximum bilateral contractions are modified by neurally mediated interlimb effects. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70, 306–316. DOI:10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.306

Huang, B., & Kinsner, W. (2002). ECG frame classification using dynamic time warping. IEEE CCECE2002. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37373), 2, 1105-1110 vol.2. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2002.1013101

Janzen, C. L., Chilibeck, P. D., & Davison, K. S. (2006). The effect of unilateral and bilateral strength training on the bilateral deficit and lean tissue mass in postmenopausal women. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 97, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0165-1

Johnson A.T. (2007). Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology. Quantitative Modeling (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis.

Kennedy, RA, & Drake D. (2018). Is a bimodal force-time curve related to countermovement jump performance? Sports (Basel), 6(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6020036

Kozinc, Ž. & Šarabon, N. (2021). Bilateral deficit in countermovement jump and its association with change of direction performance in basketball and tennis players. Sports Biomechanics, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1942965

Leung, A., Greenberg, E., Dyke, J., Lawrence, J. T., & Ganley, T. (2021). Defining limb dominace: A comparation of performance-based and self-selected measures. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(7_suppl3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967121S00052

Nicholson, G., & Masini, D. (2021). Bilateral deficit: Relationships with training history and functional performance. Kinesiology, 53, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.53.1.11

Norwood, J. T., Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M. B., & Twist, P. W. (2007). Electromyographic activity of the trunk stabilizers during stable and unstable bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 343-347. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-17435.1

Pleša, J., Kozinc, Ž, & Šarabon, N. (2022). Bilateral deficit in countermovement jump and its influence on linear sprinting, jumping, and change of direction ability in volleyball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 768906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.768906

Post, M., van Duinen, H., Steens, A., & Renken, R. (2007). Reduced cortical activity during maximal bilateral contractions of the index finger. NeuroImage, 35, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.050

Samozino, P., Rejc, E., di Prampero, P. E., Belli, A., & Morin, J. B. (2014). Force–Velocity Properties’ Contribution to Bilateral Deficit during Ballistic Push-off. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a124fb

Sakamoto A, & Sinclair PJ. (2012). Muscle activations under varying lifting speeds and intensities during bench press. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(3), 1015-1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2059-0

Syeda-Mahmood T, Beymer D, & Wang F (2007). S Shape-based Matching of ECG Recordings. 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012-2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352714

Skarabot, J., Cronin, N., Strojnik, V., & Avela, J. (2016). Bilateral deficit in maximal force production. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116, 2057–2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3458z

Schoenfeld, B.J., Contreras, B., Vigotsky, A.D., Ogborn, D., Fontana, F., & Tiryaki-Sonmez, G. (2016). Upper body muscle activation during low-versus high-load resistance exercise in the bench press. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 24(3), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-160620

Stastny, P., Goøaś, A., Blazek, D., Maszczyk, A., Wilk, M., Pietraszewski, P., et al. (2017). A systematic review of surface electromyography analyses of the bench press movement task. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0171632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171632

Van den Tillaar R, Saeterbakken, A.H., & Ettema G. (2012). Is the occurrence of the sticking region the result of diminishing potentiation in bench press? Journal of Sports Science, 30(6), 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.658844

Vandervoort, A. A., Sale, D. G., & Moroz, J. R. (1987). Strength-velocity relationship and fatiguability of unilateral versus bilateral arm extension. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 56, 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00640644

Downloads

Published

2024-09-04

How to Cite

Temporal analysis of bilateral index in bench press with different loads in male handball players. (2024). E-Balonmano Com Journal Sports Science, 20(3), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.20.225