Estudio piloto sobre la carga interna y externa de juegos tradicionales para mejorar la actividad física escolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.22.115Keywords:
primary education, physical education, group games, physiological demands, movement analysisAbstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the internal and external load associated with the practice of traditional games during Physical Education sessions in 5th grade primary school students. Twelve students (6 boys and 6 girls), aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years. Internal load variables were recorded through heart rate measures (minimum [HRmin], mean [HRmean], and maximum [HRmax]), while external load variables included total distance (TD), distances covered in five speed zones: D1 (0–3 km/h), D2 (3.01–8 km/h), D3 (8.01–13 km/h), D4 (13.01–18 km/h), D5 (>18.01 km/h), maximum velocity (Vmax), accelerations (ACC, >1.5 m/s²), and decelerations (DEACC, <–1.5 m/s²). Measurements were obtained using 12 PolarTeam-Pro units. The games analyzed were Dodgeball (DB), Ten Passes (TP), Handkerchief (HK), Hoops (HP), Chain (CH), and Stop (ST). Statistical analysis was conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment, calculating the effect size (ES) via Cohen's d and its magnitude (trivial, small, moderate, and large). HRmean was higher in CH compared to DB, HK, and ST (p<0.01; ES=0.93–1.28), and in TP compared to DB and HK (p<0.05–0.01; ES=0.81–0.86). HRmax was higher in CH than in ST (p<0.01; ES=0.99). Regarding TD, CH showed higher values than DB, HK, HP, and ST (p<0.01; ES=0.91–1.65), while TP exceeded HK (p<0.01; ES=1.36). In D4, CH recorded greater distances (p<0.01; ES=1.00–2.83), and together with HK in D5 (p<0.01; ES=0.99–2.30). Both CH and HK reached significantly higher Vmax than TP, HP, and ST (p<0.05–0.01; ES=0.92–1.86). Finally, CH registered a higher number of ACC than the rest (p<0.05–0.01; ES=0.82–1.42). In conclusion, the traditional games analyzed can elicit relevant physiological demands, particularly those based on cooperation–opposition structures.
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