Efecto de la distancia y posición angular de lanzamiento en jugadores u’14 de baloncesto. Análisis de la Minicopa Endesa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.22.209Palabras clave:
Análisis notacional, eficacia, baloncesto formativo, análisis espacial, modelos estadísticosResumen
En el baloncesto formativo, comprender los factores que influyen en la eficacia del lanzamiento es clave para optimizar el desarrollo técnico-táctico de los jóvenes jugadores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de la distancia y la posición angular de lanzamiento en el éxito de los lanzamientos en jugadores U’14 participantes en la Minicopa Endesa. Se registraron y analizaron 19.420 lanzamientos mediante técnicas de análisis descriptivo, modelización estadística (regresión logística, chi-cuadrado) y aprendizaje automático (Random Forest). Los resultados mostraron que la distancia al aro es el principal predictor de la eficacia del tiro, con una disminución significativa del porcentaje de acierto a medida que aumenta la distancia, especialmente a partir de los 6,75 metros. Por el contrario, la posición angular de lanzamiento presentó una influencia moderada y secundaria. Además, se detectaron patrones espaciales en la selección de zonas de lanzamiento, con preferencia por áreas cercanas al aro y desde la línea de tres puntos, y una clara evitación de las zonas intermedias. Estos hallazgos sugieren una interiorización temprana de modelos espaciales propios del baloncesto profesional y refuerzan la necesidad de diseñar tareas de entrenamiento que fomenten la eficacia desde múltiples distancias y posiciones, promoviendo así la versatilidad y la toma de decisiones contextualizada en etapas formativas.
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