Optimizando la vuelta al terreno de juego: Doble tarea vs. entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional para la rehabilitación del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.265Palabras clave:
ACL, cognition, dual taskResumen
La utilización del entrenamiento de doble tarea en medidas preventivas para lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) o en el proceso de rehabilitación post-reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCAr) ha despertado interés dentro de la comunidad científica debido a sus posibles impactos en el fortalecimiento de los músculos periarticulares. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza convencional (grupo experimental 1, G1; n= 5) en comparación con un entrenamiento de fuerza que incorpora la toma de decisiones (grupo experimental 2, G2; n= 6), en jugadores de deportes de equipo que han sido sometidos a LCAr. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico aleatorio, controlado y simple ciego, en el que los atletas con LCAr fueron asignados al azar. Se realizó una evaluación isométrica de la extensión de cadera en la posición de 0º grados de cadera, la flexión de rodilla tanto a 90º como a 15º y la extensión de rodilla con 90º de flexión de cadera y la rodilla en 90º, así como dos tipos de saltos unilaterales, el salto a una pierna con contramovimiento (CMJu) y el salto medial a distancia (MHD). Ambos grupos de participantes recibieron ejercicios de fortalecimiento muscular de miembros inferiores, realizados dos veces por semana durante un período de 12 semanas. Sin embargo, los atletas en G2 realizaron una tarea adicional en doble tarea, respondiendo a señales luminosas para llevar a cabo las repeticiones del ejercicio. Además, ambos grupos realizaron un conjunto adicional de ejercicios destinados a corregir asimetrías detectadas. Las variables analizadas incluyeron la extensión de cadera, la flexión de rodilla a 15º y 90º, la extensión de rodilla, el CMJu y el MHD. Se realizaron pruebas no paramétricas para muestras no relacionadas, para comparar las rodillas sana y lesionada. Como resultado, se observaron mejoras significativas en la extensión de cadera (p=0.046) y la flexión de rodilla a 90º (p=0.028) y 15º (p=0.028) en la rodilla lesionada en el G2. En conclusión, los hallazgos sugieren que la inclusión de actividades de toma de decisiones en doble tarea puede mejorar la fuerza y la capacidad de salto en comparación con el entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional para atletas de deportes de equipo con LCAr.
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