Lanzamientos que terminan en gol en partidos de balonmano y su relación con la velocidad de lanzamiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.20.117Palabras clave:
gol, rendimiento deportivo, regresión lineal múltiple, juego realResumen
El rendimiento en balonmano proviene de una combinación compleja de habilidades específicas. La velocidad de lanzamiento se considera la acción más relevante del juego ofensivo de un equipo. Los principales objetivos de esta investigación fueron dos, en primer lugar, determinar si existen diferencias entre la velocidad de lanzamiento en entrenamiento y la velocidad de lanzamiento en competición, y en segundo lugar, determinar las variables antropométricas y condicionales que más influyen en la velocidad efectiva durante una competición. Los 14 jugadores juveniles de la selección portuguesa que participaron en el Campeonato Mundial Junior fueron evaluados mediante un test de salto con contramovimiento, se midieron sus variables antropométricas, se evaluaron mediante dinamometría y sus velocidades máximas de lanzamiento en entrenamientos sin portero y con portero. Durante los ocho partidos disputados en el campeonato se seleccionó la velocidad máxima registrada de los lanzamientos que fueron gol para cada jugador. Se realizó un ANOVA unidireccional de medidas repetidas para comparar el efecto de la interacción del jugador (sin interacción, interacción con el portero, interacción con todos los demás jugadores en la competición) sobre la velocidad del balón. Aproximadamente el 77% de la velocidad efectiva (la velocidad a la que un jugador marca un gol durante un partido) se explicaba por la velocidad de los lanzamientos en apoyo desde los 9 metros, sin portero, y la circunferencia del brazo flexionado. Los jugadores no alcanzaron su máxima velocidad de lanzamiento durante la competición. La velocidad de lanzamiento durante la competición estuvo fuertemente correlacionada con la circunferencia del brazo flexionado y la velocidad de lanzamiento sin el portero en el entrenamiento (factores modificables por el entrenamiento).
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