La influencia de la audiencia en los deportes: diferencias entre Río 2016 y Tokio 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/Palabras clave:
rendimiento deportivo, Juegos Paralímpicos, deportes paralímpicos, atletas paralímpicos, discapacidad, pandemia COVID-19Resumen
LLa reciente pandemia del COVID-19 obligó a que los Juegos Paralímpicos de Tokio 2020 se celebraran con un año de retraso y bajo estrictas medidas de restricción para deportistas, personal y organizadores. Una de las restricciones más significativas fue la ausencia del público, una condición peculiar y única hasta el momento. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los resultados de diferentes deportes entre los Juegos Paralímpicos de Río 2016 (con la presencia de público) y los Juegos Paralímpicos de Tokio 2020 (sin la presencia de público). Los resultados de las dos ediciones de los Juegos Paralímpicos se obtuvieron del archivo histórico del Comité Paralímpico Internacional. Para proceder al análisis se utilizaron dos cálculos matemáticos: una cuota de mercado (MS) y una cuota de rendimiento deportivo (SPS). Por lo tanto, se realizó una comparación entre las dos macro categorías de deportes subjetivos y objetivos. En caso de cambio significativo, se analizó cada deporte dentro de la macro categoría. Se utilizó el t-test para muestras independientes para comparar los valores SPS. Solo los deportes objetivos mostraron un cambio significativo entre las dos ediciones de los Juegos Paralímpicos (p<0.001) y, entre estos, los mayores cambios se encontraron en natación y atletismo (p<0.001). Aunque los efectos encontrados varían entre las macro categorías y los deportes analizados, nuestro estudio demuestra la influencia del público en el rendimiento deportivo de los deportistas paralímpicos. Estos resultados podrían ser de interés para los entrenadores deportivos, así como para los psicólogos o mentores que trabajan en el entrenamiento psicológico de deportistas de alto nivel, con el fin de gestionar el apoyo del público.
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