Desenhos de investigação em Ciências do Desporto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.22.1Palavras-chave:
research methodology, research design classification, methodological designs, theoretical designs, instrumental designs, quantitative empirical designs, qualitative designs, mixed methods designResumo
O desenho de investigação constitui um componente nuclear do processo científico, ao estruturar a coerência lógica entre o enquadramento teórico, as decisões metodológicas, a recolha e a análise dos dados e a interpretação dos resultados. No entanto, nas Ciências do Desporto persiste uma ambiguidade conceptual no uso de termos como metodologia, desenho, método e instrumentos, assim como uma frequente falta de explicitação do desenho adotado em numerosos trabalhos. O objetivo deste artigo é clarificar o papel conceptual do desenho de investigação dentro do processo investigador e propor uma classificação original, integral e flexível especificamente adaptada à área mediante uma revisão narrativa. Para tal, delimita-se hierarquicamente a relação entre metodologia, desenho, método e técnicas/instrumentos, e apresenta-se um quadro integrador de seis grandes tipos de estudos: desenhos metodológicos, teóricos e instrumentais, e desenhos empíricos (quantitativos, qualitativos e mistos). A proposta concebe o desenho como uma estrutura multidimensional e não excludente, na qual distintos critérios podem coexistir e integrar-se dentro de um mesmo estudo em função dos objetivos, do contexto e da estratégia analítica. Esta abordagem favorece a identificação, comunicação e avaliação do desenho de investigação, e respalda a recomendação de o explicitar sistematicamente como uma subsecção específica dentro do apartado de metodologia para reforçar a transparência, a replicabilidade e a qualidade da investigação em Ciências do Desporto.
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