Desenhos de investigação em Ciências do Desporto

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.22.1

Palavras-chave:

research methodology, research design classification, methodological designs, theoretical designs, instrumental designs, quantitative empirical designs, qualitative designs, mixed methods design

Resumo

O desenho de investigação constitui um componente nuclear do processo científico, ao estruturar a coerência lógica entre o enquadramento teórico, as decisões metodológicas, a recolha e a análise dos dados e a interpretação dos resultados. No entanto, nas Ciências do Desporto persiste uma ambiguidade conceptual no uso de termos como metodologia, desenho, método e instrumentos, assim como uma frequente falta de explicitação do desenho adotado em numerosos trabalhos. O objetivo deste artigo é clarificar o papel conceptual do desenho de investigação dentro do processo investigador e propor uma classificação original, integral e flexível especificamente adaptada à área mediante uma revisão narrativa. Para tal, delimita-se hierarquicamente a relação entre metodologia, desenho, método e técnicas/instrumentos, e apresenta-se um quadro integrador de seis grandes tipos de estudos: desenhos metodológicos, teóricos e instrumentais, e desenhos empíricos (quantitativos, qualitativos e mistos). A proposta concebe o desenho como uma estrutura multidimensional e não excludente, na qual distintos critérios podem coexistir e integrar-se dentro de um mesmo estudo em função dos objetivos, do contexto e da estratégia analítica. Esta abordagem favorece a identificação, comunicação e avaliação do desenho de investigação, e respalda a recomendação de o explicitar sistematicamente como uma subsecção específica dentro do apartado de metodologia para reforçar a transparência, a replicabilidade e a qualidade da investigação em Ciências do Desporto.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Biografia do Autor

  • Sebastián Feu, Universidad de Extremadura

    Catedrático de Universidad

Referências

Adhikari, R., & Timsina, T. P. (2024). An Educational Study Focused on the Application of Mixed Method Approach as a Research Method. OCEM Journal of Management, Technology & Social Sciences, 3(1), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.3126/ocemjmtss.v3i1.62229

Aguilera, R. (2014). ¿Revisión sistemática, revisión narrativa o metaanálisis? Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, 21(6), 359-360.

Albaladejo-Saura, M., Mateo-Orcajada, A., Esparza-Ros, F., & Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2025). Effect of a “Team Based Learning” Methodology Intervention on the Psychological and Learning Variables of Sport Sciences University Students. Education Sciences, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15101405

Altmann, V. C., Mason, B. S., Geurts, T., van de Camp, S., & Vanlandewijck, Y. C. (2022). Objective Measurement of Ball-Handling Proficiency in Wheelchair Sports: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences, 2, Article 798675. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2021.798675

Amat, S., Busquier, S., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Gómez-López, M., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2025). Algorithm-Based Real-Time Analysis of Training Phases in Competitive Canoeing: An Automated Approach for Performance Monitoring. Algorithms, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/a18050242

Amatria, M., Elvira Aranda, C., & Pérez Turpin, J. A. (2025). Validación del NECoSsGOT. Un instrumento de observación para el análisis de las situaciones de juego reducido durante la competición en fútbol. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 21(1), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.143

Andrade, C. (2019). Describing Research Design. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(2), 201-202. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_66_19

Anguera, M. T., Blanco, A., Hernández, A., & Losada, J. L. (2011). Diseños observacionales: ajuste y aplicación en psicología del deporte. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 11(2).

Anguera, M. T., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2013). Observational methodology in sport sciences. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 9(3), 135-160.

Armour, K. M., & MacDonald, D. (2012). Research methods in physical education and youth sport (Vol. 2). Routledge London.

Ato, M., Lopez, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). A classification system for research designs in psychology. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Azzarito, L., & Solmon, M. A. (2006). A feminist poststructuralist view on student bodies in physical education: Sites of compliance, resistance, and transformation [Article]. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 25(2), 200-225. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.25.2.200

Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Motivación Deportiva en deportistas españoles. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 24(2), 197-207.

Barker, J., McCarthy, P., Jones, M., & Moran, A. (2011). Single-case research methods in sport and exercise psychology. Routledge.

Barquero-Ruiz, C., Castro-Garcia, M., Moreno-Dona, A., & Kirk, D. (2024). Enacting a new curriculum: Chile's social uprising and the reshaping of physical education. Sport Education and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2024.2441987

Bastida-Castillo, A., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., De la Cruz-Sanchez, E., Reche-Royo, X., Ibáñez, S. J., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise. Applied Sciences-Basel, 9(5), Article 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050939

Bastida-Castillo, A., Gomez-Carmona, C. D., De La Cruz Sanchez, E., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). Comparing accuracy between global positioning systems and ultra-wideband-based position tracking systems used for tactical analyses in soccer. European Journal of Sport Science, 19(9), 1157-1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1584248

Beddoes, Z., Pennington, T., Phillips, A., Gerber, C., Weidenhamer, K., Morales, N., & Hendrix, S. (2025). Toward an Understanding of the Relationship Between Professional Learning Community Engagement and Collective Teacher Efficacy Among Physical Education Teachers. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2024-0388

Behm, D. G., Blazevich, A. J., Kay, A. D., & McHugh, M. (2016). Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0235

Birrento-Aguiar, R. A., Garcia-Angulo, F. J., Leonardo, L., Palao-Andres, J. M., & Ortega-Toro, E. (2025). Impact of Modified Competition Formats on Physical Performance in Under-14 Female Volleyball Players: The Role of Biological Maturity. Sports (Basel), 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13110390

Blair, G., Cooper, J., Coppock, A., & Humphreys, M. (2019). Declaring and Diagnosing Research Designs. American Political Science Review, 113(3), 838-859. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055419000194

Blanco-Villaseñor, Á., Castellano, J., Hernández Mendo, A., Sánchez-López, C. R., & Usabiaga, O. (2014). Aplicación de la TG en el deporte para el estudio de la fiabilidad, validez y estimación de la muestra. Revista de Psicología del deporte, 23(1), 131-137.

Bleidelis, I., Luika, S., Kolesovs, A., & Boobani, B. (2025). A comparison of box-to-box and positional possession styles: selecting an appropriate game format for U13 footballers (a pilot study). Frontiers in sports and active living, 7, 1634446. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1634446

Bonilla-García, M. Á., & López-Suárez, A. D. (2016). Ejemplificación del proceso metodológico de la teoría fundamentada. Cinta de moebio(57), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-554x2016000300006

Book, R. T., Svensson, J., & Stambulova, N. (2024). Narrative research in sport and exercise science in the early 21st century: a state-of-the-art critical review. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 16(6), 567-597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676x.2024.2374827

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2021). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

Braakhuis, A. J., Somerville, V. X., & Hurst, R. D. (2020). The effect of New Zealand blackcurrant on sport performance and related biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00354-9

Calle, O., Antúnez, A., González-Espinosa, S., Ibáñez, S. J., & Feu, S. (2025). Monitoring the Impact of Two Pedagogical Models on Physical Load in an Alternative School Sport Using Inertial Devices. Sensors (Basel), 25(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/s25185929

Camerino, O., Castañer, M., & Anguera, T. M. (2014). Mixed Methods Research in the Movement Sciences: Case studies in sport, physical education and dance (Vol. 5). Routledge.

Camomilla, V., Bergamini, E., Fantozzi, S., & Vannozzi, G. (2018). Trends Supporting the In-Field Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Sport Performance Evaluation: A Systematic Review. Sensors (Basel), 18(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030873

Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (2015). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Ravenio books.

Cantonero-Cobos, J. M., García-Ceberino, J. M., Conde-García, C., Sáenz-López Buñuel, P., & Fierro-Suero, S. (2025). Diseño, validación y evaluación del programa formativo para docentes: clima emocional y motivacional en el aula (CEYM). E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 21(2), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.229

Carless, D., & Douglas, K. (2016). Narrative research. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 307-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262611

Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5(3), 521-551.

Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2007). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales: consideraciones sobre la selección de tests en la investigación psicológica. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 863-882.

Castillo, L. A., Ruiz, J. M., & Castillo, A. N. (2026). Programa MET-IEF: Enseñanza comprensiva en deportes de campo separado. Acciónmotriz, 37, 56-80.

Chen, C. Y., & Lin, Y. H. (2020). Persuasion effect of corporate social responsibility initiatives in professional sport franchise: Moderating effect analysis. Plos One, 15(12), e0243579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243579

Churchill, S. L. A. C. (2025). Exploring the Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Epilepsy Management Iowa State University].

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd edition. SAGE.

Cubo, S., Martín, B., & Ramos, J. L. (2011). Métodos de investigación y análisis de datos en ciencias sociales y de la salud. Ediciones Pirámide.

De Bosscher, V., Shibli, S., van Bottenburg, M., De Knop, P., & Truyens, J. (2010). Developing a Method for Comparing the Elite Sport Systems and Policies of Nations: A Mixed Research Methods Approach [Article]. Journal of Sport Management, 24(5), 567-600.

De Paula Machado Pasqua, L., & De Toledo, E. (2025). Historical Clues in N′golo for the Understanding of Floreio in Capoeira [Article]. International Journal of the History of Sport, 42(10), 1065-1089. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2025.2579123

Decorte, E., Jelen, N., & Nuytens, W. (2024). Developper la pratique dactivites physiques et sportives denfants de milieux defavorises: configurations et perspectives dune approche ascendante faite dinterventions en contexte scolaire. Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France), 36(HS2), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.3917/spub.hs2.2024.0015

Duque, V. H., Mancha-Triguero, D., Ibáñez, S. J., & Sáenz-López, P. (2022). Motivación, inteligencia emocional y carga de entrenamiento en función del género y categoría en baloncesto en edades escolares. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 22(2), 15-32.

Dutia, I. M., Connick, M. J., Beckman, E. M., Johnston, L. M., Wilson, P. J., Macaro, A., & Tweedy, S. M. (2020). Evaluating the Effects of Performance-Focused Swimming Training on People with Cerebral Palsy Who Have High Support Needs – A Study Protocol Using Single-Case Experimental Design. Brain Impairment, 21(2), 217-234. https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2019.15

Ellmer, E., Rynne, S., & Enright, E. (2020). Learning in action sports: A scoping review. European Physical Education Review, 26(1), 263-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x19851535

Escobar-Pérez, J., & Cuervo-Martínez, A. (2008). Validez de contenido y juicio de expertos: Una aproximación a su utilización. Avances en medición, 6, 27–36.

Evangelio, C., González-Víllora, S., & Peiró-Velert, C. (2025). Health-Based Physical Education and Sport Education: the staging of a hybridization from a collaborative approach. Sport, Education and Society, 30(5), 543-559.

Everard, C., Wadey, R., Day, M., & Howells, K. (2025). Examining the applied value of narratives for professional practice: An exploration of sports injury narratives in action [Article]. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 37(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2024.2370793

Fan, X., Atkinson, O., & Bryan, R. R. (2025). An Ecological Perspective on Physical Education Teacher Education: Lessons Learned From Novice Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2024-0354

Fernández-Cortes, J. A., Cáceres, L., Antúnez, A., Gracía-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2022). Análisis de la Influencia de las Variables Situacionales en el Fútbol Profesional. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 46, 114-119.

Fernández, D., Casals, M., Oliver, M., Plensa, M., & Manisera, M. (2024). Reporting of clustering techniques in sports sciences: a scoping review. Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis, 17(3), 653-675. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20705948v17n3p653

Ferraz, A., Duarte-Mendes, P., Sarmento, H., Valente-Dos-Santos, J., & Travassos, B. (2023). Tracking devices and physical performance analysis in team sports: a comprehensive framework for research-trends and future directions. Frontiers in sports and active living, 5, 1284086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1284086

Feu, S., Garcia-Rubio, J., Ibanez, S. J., & Antunez, A. (2022). External load of the tasks planned by teachers for learning handball. Plos One, 17(4), e0265745-e0265745. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265745

Feu, S., Hernandez, J. d. l. C., Ibanez, S. J., & Antunez, A. (2023). Validation of the integral System of Task Analysis for Physical Education [Article]. Profesorado. Revista de Curriculum y Formacion de Profesorado, 27(3), 21-43. https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v27i3.21335

Feu, S., Ibáñez, S. J., Graça, A., & Sampaio, J. (2007). Psychometric evaluation of the Coach Orientation Questionnaire with a Spanish sample of handball coaches. Psicothema, 19(4), 698-704.

Feu, S., Ibáñez, S. J., Lorenzo, A., Jiménez, S., & Cañadas, M. (2012). Professional knowledge acquired by handball coaches: training and experience. Revista de Psicología del deporte, 21(1), 107-115.

Freeman, K. A., & Mash, E. J. (2015). Single-Case Research Designs. In Handbook of clinical psychology (pp. 322-350). JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.

Freitas, D., Girginov, V., & Teoldo, I. (2017). What do they do? Competency and managing in Brazilian Olympic Sport Federations. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(2), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2016.1244697

Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? British journal of sports medicine, 50(5), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788

Garcia-Mas, A., Palou, P., Gili, M., Ponseti, X., Borras, P. A., Vidal, J., Cruz, J., Torregrosa, M., Villamarin, F., & Sousa, C. (2010). Commitment, enjoyment and motivation in young soccer competitive players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 609-616. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002286

García-Pinilla, J. I., Pineda Miranda, B. A., Rodríguez-Jiménez, O. R., & Nicholls-Rodríguez, D. (2023). Desarrollo de competencias tecnológicas en docentes utilizando un modelo de diseño instruccional. Educación y Educadores, 26(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2023.26.1.3

Garcia-Santos, D., Gómez-Ruano, M. A., Vaquera, A., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2020). Systematic review of basketball referees' performances. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(3), 495-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1758437

García, A. C., Ruiz, J. M., & Castillo, L. A. (2025). Aplicación de un método de enseñanza comprensiva para deportes de participación alternada en edad escolar. Acciónmotriz, 36, 62-81.

Gilbourne, D., & Richardson, D. (2005). A practitioner-focused approach to the provision of psychological support in soccer: Adopting action research themes and processes [Article; Proceedings Paper]. Journal of sports sciences, 23(6), 651-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021344

Gómez-Carmona, C. D., & Asín-Izquierdo, I. (2025). Positioning Technology and Microelectromechanical Systems in Early Childhood Education and Care. In Physical Education in Early Childhood. Movement and Development from 3 to 6 Years (pp. 523-538). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Gomez-Carmona, C. D., Bastida-Castillo, A., Garcia-Rubio, J., Ibanez, S. J., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). Static and dynamic reliability of WIMU PRO (TM) accelerometers according to anatomical placement. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P-Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 233(2), 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337118816922

Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Bastida-Castillo, A., Ibáñez, S. J., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). Accelerometry as a method for external workload monitoring in invasion team sports. A systematic review. Plos One, 15(8), e0236643. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236643

Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Pino-Ortega, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2020). Design and validity of a field test battery for assessing multi-location external load profile in invasion team sports. E-Balonmano Com, 16(1), 23-48. ://WOS:000513765700003

Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2021). Microelectromechanical systems. In The Use of Applied Technology in Team Sport (pp. 52-73). Routledge.

González-Espinosa, S., Ibáñez, S. J., & Feu, S. (2017). Design of two basketball teaching programs in two different teaching methods. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 13(2), 131-152.

González, E. A. R., & Ibáñez, D. T. V. (2025). Challenges of physical activity and adapted sports for the overall development of people with disabilities. Educacion Fisica Y Ciencia, 27(1), Article e324. https://doi.org/10.24215/23142561e324

Graham, C. A., Simon, E. L., & Knott, J. (2020). Study design: A research primer for low- and middle-income countries. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 10(Suppl 2), S115-S119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2020.10.007

Gratton, C., & Jones, I. (2014). Research methods for sports studies. Routledge.

Hakim, C. (2000). Research design: successful designs for social and economic research. Routledge.

Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Medicine, 44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S139-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z

Haynes, S., Richard, D., & Kubany, E. (1995). Content Validity in Psychological Assessment: A Functional Approach to Concepts and Methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238-247.

Hemphill, M. A., Gordon, B., & Wright, P. M. (2019). Sports as a passport to success: life skill integration in a positive youth development program [Article]. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(4), 390-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1606901

Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Batista, P. (2014). Metodologia de la Investigación (6ª Edición). Mc Graw Hill Edication.

Heuzé, J.-P., Sarrazin, P., Masiero, M., Raimbault, N., & Thomas, J.-P. (2006). The Relationships of Perceived Motivational Climate to Cohesion and Collective Efficacy in Elite Female Teams. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(3), 201-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200600830273

Hiew, W., & Murray, J. (2024). Enhancing Huber's evaluation framework for teacher professional development programme [Article]. Professional Development in Education, 50(4), 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1901236

Hinojosa-Torres, C., Espoz-Lazo, S., Soto-Garcia, D., Zavala-Crichton, J. P., & Farias-Valenzuela, C. (2022). The Competition on the Handball Initiation: Analysis of the Pedagogical Approach in Latin America. Sport Tk-Revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte, 11.

Hong, H. J., & Hong, S. H. (2024). Dual career (DC) experiences of Korean elite judokas before and at university. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 70, Article 102564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102564

Hook, M., Knight, C. J., & McGawley, K. (2025). Stigmatised health topics in sport: An action research approach to enhance knowledge and communication. Journal of sports sciences, Article Pmid 8405364. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2025.2598171

Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science [Article]. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Howell, D. C. (1992). Statistical methods for psychology. PWS-Kent Publishing Co.

Huang, Y., Wang, S., Li, C., Wang, Y., Bai, Z., Lv, B., Gui, Y., & Wei, Z. (2025). Investigating the effects of previous injury on subsequent training loads, physical fitness, and injuries in youth female basketball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 16, 1506611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1506611

Ibáñez, S. J., Courel-Ibáñez, J., Contreras-García, J. M., & Piñar-López, M. I. (2025). Redefining player roles in professional women's basketball: From traditional positions to functional profiles. Plos One, 20(9), e0330726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330726

Ibáñez, S. J., Gantois, P., Rico-González, M., García-Rubio, J., & Ortega, J. P. (2024). Profile of Accelerations and Decelerations in Young Basketball Players. Applied Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104120

Ibáñez, S. J., López-Sierra, P., Lorenzo, A., & Feu, S. (2023). Kinematic and Neuromuscular Ranges of External Loading in Professional Basketball Players during Competition. Applied Sciences, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111936

Ibáñez, S. J., Piñar, M. I., García, D., & Mancha-Triguero, D. (2023). Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Performance during Competition in Professional Women's Basketball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020988

Ibáñez, S. J., Vaquera, A., Mancha-Triguero, D., & Escudero-Tena, A. (2024). Variability in the Load of Professional Basketball Referees during Competition. Applied Sciences, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031177

Indu, P. V., & Vidhukumar, K. (2020). Research designs-an overview. Kerala Journal of Psychiatry, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.30834/kjp.32.1.2019.179

Jaspers, A., Brink, M. S., Probst, S. G., Frencken, W. G., & Helsen, W. F. (2017). Relationships Between Training Load Indicators and Training Outcomes in Professional Soccer. Sports Medicine, 47(3), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0591-0

Jiménez, J., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2016). Análisis de la calidad del dato y generalizabilidad de un sistema de observación del contraataque en el balonmano de élite. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 12(1), 31-44.

Kaloudis, T., Georgiadis, K., Travlos, A. K., & Theodorakis, Y. (2025). Fostering Reflective Thinking in Physical Education Teachers: An Action Research Study Promoting Paralympic Values and Inclusive Practices. Education Sciences, 15(7), Article 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15070823

Kaye, J. A., Spence, D., & Alexanders, J. (2022). Using a biopsychosocial approach within acl rehabilitation: an exploration of student physiotherapists` perceptions and experiences. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 38(11), 1718-1730. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2021.1882019

Kazdin, A. E. (2019). Single-case experimental designs. Evaluating interventions in research and clinical practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 117, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.015

Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Kerlinger, F. N. (1966). Foundations of behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Krueger, M. (2018). German Sport History as Reflected in 'Sporting Art'. International Journal of the History of Sport, 35(17-18), 1748-1776. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1586671

Kusdinar, Y., Abdullah, A. G., Ma'Mun, A., & Rusdiana, A. (2021). Revisiting sports talent identification: a meta analysis. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 16(2), 1272-1286.

Lavega-Burgues, P., Luchoro-Parrilla, R. A., Serna, J., Salas-Santandreu, C., Aires-Araujo, P., Rodriguez-Arregi, R., Munoz-Arroyave, V., Ensenyat, A., Damian-Silva, S., Machado, L., Prat, Q., Saez de Ocariz, U., Rillo-Albert, A., Martin-Martinez, D., & Pic, M. (2020). Enhancing Multimodal Learning Through Traditional Sporting Games: Marro360 degrees. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1384. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01384

Linner, L., Stambulova, N., & Henriksen, K. (2022). Facilitating Student-Athletes' Dual Career Transition: A Scandinavian University Case Study [Article]. Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology, 11(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000275

Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. SAGE publications, Inc.

Liska, T. M., Flaro, H., Stever, M., Caron, J. G., Duncan, L. R., & Sweet, S. N. (2025). Exploring Physical Activity Maintenance Among Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Multiple Case Study. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2025-0087

López-Sierra, P., Gómez-Ruano, M. A., Feu, S., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2025). A comprehensive analysis of internal and external load monitoring systems in basketball. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 41851. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-25768-w

Maciel, L. F. P., Beirith, M. K., Ibáñez, S. J., & Folle, A. (2025). Involvement in physical and sports activities: what characteristics lead athletes to be selected for basketball teams in Brazil? E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 21(3, special issue), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.435

Malone, J. J., Lovell, R., Varley, M. C., & Coutts, A. J. (2017). Unpacking the Black Box: Applications and Considerations for Using GPS Devices in Sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12, 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0236

Malone, S., Owen, A., Newton, M., Mendes, B., Collins, K. D., & Gabbett, T. J. (2017). The acute:chonic workload ratio in relation to injury risk in professional soccer. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(6), 561-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.014

Mancha-Triguero, D., García-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2019). SBAFIT: a field-based test battery to assess physical fitness in basketball players. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 15(2), 107-126.

Mansfield, M., Jong, S. T., & Smith, T. (2025). "You do it to cover your own back": The assessment of cervical spine radiculopathy among physiotherapists in the United Kingdom: A mixed methods research study. Plos One, 20(7), Article e0325922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325922

Manterola, C., & Otzen, T. (2014). Estudios observacionales: los diseños utilizados con mayor frecuencia en investigación clínica. International Journal of Morphology, 32(2), 634-645.

Martín-Miguel, I., Sánchez-Alcaraz, B. J., Escudero-Tena, A., Conde-Ripoll, R., & Muñoz, D. (2025). Diferencias en la finalización del punto de oro en pádel profesional masculino y femenino. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 21(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.27

Marzano-Felisatti, J. M., Pino-Ortega, J., Garcia-de-Alcaraz, A., Portillo, J., Guzman-Lujan, J. F., & Priego-Quesada, J. I. (2025). Validation of the WIMU PROTM Device for Jump Detection in Beach Volleyball: A Gender-Based Analysis during Official Competitions [Article]. Journal of human kinetics, 98, 183-193. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/196549

Mbuagbaw, L., Lawson, D. O., Puljak, L., Allison, D. B., & Thabane, L. (2020). A tutorial on methodological studies: the what, when, how and why. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(1), 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01107-7

McGannon, K. R., & Smith, B. (2020). Expanding socio-cultural identity research in sport psycho-logy: The potential of athlete autobiographies. Quaderns de Psicologia, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1556

McKay, C. (2022). Embodiment, identity and disability sport: an ethnography of elite visually impaired athletes. Sport Education and Society, 27(2), 224-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2021.2010851

McLaren, S. J., Graham, M., Spears, I. R., & Weston, M. (2016). The Sensitivity of Differential Ratings of Perceived Exertion as Measures of Internal Load. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(3), 404-406. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0223

Merino-Orozco, A., Berbegal-Vazquez, A., Arraiz-Perez, A., & Sabiron-Sierra, F. (2020). Sports monoculture and vehicular jargon in the educational value of school football in Spain. Culture Education, 32(3), 583-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/11356405.2020.1785157

Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.

Morgans, R., Oliveira, R., Mandorino, M., Zmijewski, P., Ryan, B., Modric, T., Teixeira, J., & Moreira, A. (2026). The loading impact of training and match-play on non-contact muscle injuries in elite male soccer players. A seasonal analysis. Biology of Sport. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153305

Morillo-Baro, J. P., Rivera-Gálvez, A., Quiñones-Rodríguez, Y., Caballero-Cerbán, M., Hernández-Mendo, A., & Reigal, R. E. (2025). Análisis de las conductas de los lanzamientos triples en Baloncesto 3x3. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 21(3), 471-484. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.471

Morrissey, M. B., & Hansen, T. (2014). In search of the best methods for multivariate selection analysis. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5(10), 1095-1109. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12259

Mozolev, O., & Polishchuk, O. (2024). The essence and content of scientific research methodology. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 63, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.63.020

Mulvenna, M., Adie, J. W., Sage, L. D., Wilson, N. E., & Howat, D. (2020). Approach-achievement goals and motivational context on psycho-physiological functioning and performance among novice basketball players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101714

Munce, S., Guetterman, T., & Jaglal, S. (2020). Using the Exploratory Sequential Design for Complex Intervention Development: Example of the Development of a Self-Management Program for Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Mixed Methods Research(15), 37-60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689820901936

Nelson, L., Groom, R., & Potrac, P. (2014). Research methods in sports coaching. Routledge

Nieto-Acevedo, R., Garcia-Sanchez, C., Bravo-Sanchez, A., Abian-Vicen, J., Abian, P., Portillo, J., Martinez-Rubio, C., Lorenzo Calvo, J., & Diaz-Lara, J. (2025). Impact of Caffeine Intake on Female Basketball Players' Performance. Nutrients, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020235

O’Donoghue, P. (2010). Research methods for sports performance analysis. Routledge.

Othman, S., Steen, M., & Fleet, J.-A. (2020). A sequential explanatory mixed methods study design: An example of how to integrate data in a midwifery research project. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v11n2p75

Otte, F. W., Millar, S. K., & Klatt, S. (2021). What do you hear? The effect of stadium noise on football players' passing performances. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(7), 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1809714

Papathomas, A., & Lavallee, D. (2014). Self-starvation and the performance narrative in competitive sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(6), 688-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.10.014

Park, J.-W., & Lim, S. (2015). A chronological review of the development of elite sport policy in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science, 4(3), 198-210.

Peart, D. J., Balsalobre-Fernández, C., & Shaw, M. P. (2019). Use of mobile applications to collect data in sport, health, and exercise science: A narrative review. The journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(4), 1167-1177.

Pereira, Z. (2011). Los diseños de método mixto en la investigación en educación: Una experiencia concreta. Revista Electrónica Educare, 15(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.15-1.2

Polit, D., & Hungler, B. (2000). Investigación científica en ciencias de la salud (6 ed.). Editorial McGraw-Hill Interamericana.

Poucher, Z. A., Tamminen, K. A., Caron, J. G., & Sweet, S. N. (2019). Thinking through and designing qualitative research studies: a focused mapping review of 30 years of qualitative research in sport psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 163-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2019.1656276

Pozo-Ayerbe, C., Escudero-Tena, A., Ibáñez, S. J., & Mancha Triguero, D. (2024). Analysis of the different winning strokes in professional padel: male vs. Female. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 20(3), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.20.271

Prato, L., Ramis, Y., & Torregrossa, M. (2020). Cultural Transition and Sport Migration in Elite Sport: a Meta-synthesis. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 15(45), 387-400.

Pugliese, E., Forte, P., Matrisciano, C., Carlevaro, F., D'Anna, C., & Magistro, D. (2025). The Influence of Nonlinear Pedagogy Physical Education Intervention on Cognitive Abilities in Primary School Children: A Preliminary Study. Brain Sciences, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15121283

Ranganathan, P., & Aggarwal, R. (2018). Study designs: Part 1 - An overview and classification. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 9(4), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.PICR_124_18

Retamal-Munoz, C., Lirrutia-Gutierrez, S., Luis-de-Cos, I., Luis-de-Cos, G., & Arribas-Galarraga, S. (2024). Emotional physical education: impact of a program on the subjective well-being of university students. Retos-Nuevas Tendencias En Educacion Fisica Deporte Y Recreacion(61), 685-694.

Rezigalla, A. A. (2020). Observational Study Designs: Synopsis for Selecting an Appropriate Study Design. Cureus, 12(1), e6692. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6692

Rico-González, M., Arcos, A. L., Rojas-Valverde, D., Clemente, F. M., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). A Survey to Assess the Quality of the Data Obtained by Radio-Frequency Technologies and Microelectromechanical Systems to Measure External Workload and Collective Behavior Variables in Team Sports. Sensors, 20(8), Article 2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082271

Rogers, J., & Revész, A. (2019). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs. In J. Rogers & A. Révész (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of research methods in applied linguistics (pp. 133-143). Routledge.

Rojas-Valverde, D., Pino-Ortega, J., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., & Rico-González, M. (2020). A Systematic Review of Methods and Criteria Standard Proposal for the Use of Principal Component Analysis in Team’s Sports Science. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238712

Romann, M., Javet, M., Hernandez, J., Heyer, L., Trosch, S., Cobley, S., & Born, D. P. (2024). Longitudinal performance trajectories of young female sprint runners: a new tool to predict performance progression. Frontiers in sports and active living, 6, 1491064. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1491064

Romeu, J., Camerino, O., & Castaner, M. (2023). Optimising Motor Coordination in Physical Education, an Observational Study [Article]. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes(153), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2023/3).153.06

Rostami, M., Sedaghati, P., & Daneshmandi, H. (2025). Effects of a warm-up program on jump-landing pattern and lumbopelvic function in female basketball players with dynamic knee valgus. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 27918. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13817-3

Ruiz, J. M., Castillo, L. A., & Castillo, A. N. (2026). Validación de un método de enseñanza para iniciación del voley. Acciónmotriz, 37(1), 22-46.

Salinero, J. G. (2004). Estudios descriptivos. NURE investigación: Revista Científica de enfermería, 7(9).

Sánchez-Algarra, P., & Anguera, M. T. (2012). Qualitative/quantitative integration in the inductive observational study of interactive behaviour: impact of recording and coding among predominating perspectives. Quality & Quantity, 47(2), 1237-1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9764-6

Sánchez-Jiménez, M., Marave-Vivas, M., Gil-Gomez, J., & Salvador-Garcia, C. (2025). Building pre-service teachers' resilience through Service-Learning: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study [Article]. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1568476. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1568476

Sandbakk, O., Tonnessen, E., Sandbakk, S. B., Losnegard, T., Seiler, S., & Haugen, T. (2025). Best-Practice Training Characteristics Within Olympic Endurance Sports as Described by Norwegian World-Class Coaches [Article]. Sports Medicine-Open, 11(1), Article 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00848-3

Sarmento, H., Martinho, D. V., Gouveia, E. R., Afonso, J., Chmura, P., Field, A., Savedra, N. O., Oliveira, R., Praca, G., Silva, R., Barrera-Diaz, J., & Clemente, F. M. (2024). The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map. Sports Medicine, 54(11), 2841-2864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z

Schoonenboom, J., & Johnson, R. B. (2017). How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design. KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 69(Suppl 2), 107-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1

Schupbach, Y. (2024). Negotiating the Space between East and West: Sport and Gender Politics in Swiss Women's Artistic Gymnastics in the Cold War Era [Article]. International Journal of the History of Sport, 41(8), 760-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2024.2384549

Scrabis-Fletcher, K., & Silverman, S. (2010). Perception of Competence in Middle School Physical Education: Instrument Development and Validation [Article]. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2010.10599627

Sebastia-Amat, S., Pueo, B., Villalon-Gasch, L., & Jimenez-Olmedo, J. M. (2020). Anthropometric profile and conditional factors of U21 Spanish elite beach volleyball players according to playing position. Retos, 38, 620-625.

Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin Company.

Shang, X., Zuo, W., Arede, J., & Leite, N. (2025). Using a smart app method Maturo for precisely estimating maturation status for young basketball athletes. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 21(3, special issue), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.21.401

Sharma, L. R., Bidari, S., Bidari, D., Neupane, S., & Sapkota, R. (2023). Exploring the Mixed Methods Research Design: Types, Purposes, Strengths, Challenges, and Criticisms. Global Academic Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 5(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.36348/gajll.2023.v05i01.002

Sharma, L. R., Jha, S., Koirala, R., Aryal, U., & Bhattarai, T. (2023). Navigating the Research Landscape: A Guide to the Selection of the Right Research Design. International Research Journal of MMC, 4(1), 64-78. https://doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v4i1.51863

Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (2016). Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise. Routledge.

Smith, M. C. H., & Bazis, P. S. (2021). Conducting Mixed Methods Research Systematic Methodological Reviews: A Review of Practice and Recommendations [Review]. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 15(4), 546-566, Article 1558689820967626. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689820967626

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Souza, L. C. d. R., Ribeiro Júnior, D. B., Ibáñez, S. J., Pereira, M. N. R., da Silva, G. T., Werneck, F. Z., & Bara Filho, M. G. (2025). Pedagogical Progression in Youth Basketball: Impacts on Training Load, Development and Health Outcomes. Sports, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080265

Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of self‐determination theory in school physical education. British journal of educational psychology, 75(3), 411-433.

Streetman, A. E., & Heinrich, K. M. (2024). Female empowerment through sport: an exploratory narrative review. Sport in Society, 27(5), 804-819. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2023.2270443

Sullivan, S. (2019). Single, separate or unified? Exploring Christian academicians' views of the body, sport and religious experience. Sport in Society, 22(2), 311-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2017.1360584

Teixeira, J., Mesquita, I., & Farias, C. (2025). Scaffolding Preservice Teachers' Use of Models-Based Practice in Physical Education: A Participatory Action Research. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2025-0125

Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Valimaki, I., Wanne, O., & Raitakari, O. (2005). Physical activity from childhood to adulthood: a 21-year tracking study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(3), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.003

Thomas, J. R., Silverman, S., & Nelson, J. (2015). Research methods in physical activity (7 ed.). Human Kinetics.

Tobi, H., & Kampen, J. K. (2018). Research design: the methodology for interdisciplinary research framework. Quality and Quantity 52(3), 1209-1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0513-8

Torrebadella-Flix, X. (2020). La historia del rugby en España. 1ª parte. De los inicios del juego hasta 1923. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 16(3), 179-202.

Torrebadella-Flix, X. (2024). La historia del rugby en España, IIª parte. De 1924 hasta la II República. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 20(1), 81-102.

Trejo-Silva, A., Bonjour, C., Dol, G., & González-Ramírez, A. (2022). Análisis de los lanzamientos en balonmano playa durante el Mundial Femenino Kazán 2018. E-balonmano com Journal Sports Science, 18(1), 13-24.

Turner, M. J., Frost, N., Outar, L., O'Connor, H., Toth, R., Toth, L., Chadha, N., & Wood, A. G. (2025). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy for exercise: examining self-determined motivation, alongside readiness, confidence, and motivation to exercise. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1557885. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1557885

Ulset, V. S., Oppici, L., Hamre, K., Rudd, J. R., Stornaes, A. V., Haraldsen, H. M., & Safvenbom, R. (2025). Inclusion in Motion: Promoting Equitable Physical Activity and Health in Childhood and Adolescence. Children (Basel), 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070942

Varghese, K., Ranwah, B., Varghese, N., & Varghese, N. (2025). Research methodology and quantitative techniques: A guide for interdisciplinary research. Routledge.

Wang, Z. L., Casey, A., & Cope, E. (2025). Coach experiences of formal coach education developed by national governing bodies: a systematic review. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 30(3), 351-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2023.2230235

Willig, C., & Rogers, W. S. (2017). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology. Sage.

Woodard, C., Engler, A., & Tarascavage, J. (2025). An Exploratory, Retrospective Study on Injury Occurrence in Triathletes and Marathon Runners. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 20(10), 1502-1507. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.144831

Yalcin, I., Genc, H., Bayram, A., Sezer, B. S., Isik, O., Gumus, H., & Novak, D. (2025). The effect of an 8-week mental training program on ITN test performances of tennis players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 18(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01463-1

Zach, S., Avugos, S., Bakalo-Kuffler, L., & Bar-Eli, M. (2022). Winning the second half: The perceived and actual impact of the coach's half-time speech on basketball players' performance [Article]. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(5), 953-963, Article 17479541221089743. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221089743

Zhong, H., Wang, D., & Qi, C. H. (2025). School-family cognitive discrepancies in the cultivation of children's interest in sports: an exploratory study based on grounded theory. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, Article 1713106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1713106

Publicado

2026-03-22

Edição

Secção

Original artice

Como Citar

Desenhos de investigação em Ciências do Desporto. (2026). E-Balonmano Com, Journal of Sports Science, 22(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.22.1